Earn $250,000 More By Investing in a Low-Cost ETF

Press the “Play” button to watch the YouTube video. Transcript available below.

In this video I want to show you the power of compound interest and the impact of fees on your investments. So in this particular example we’re going to take a look at three different friends who all invest hundred thousand dollars when they’re 30 years old they decide to put it in their investment for 30 years and so we want to see how much each would have after 30 years at 60 years old so assume that each one of them gets an annual return of seven percent.

So here we have Andrew who has a management expense ratio of three percent for his investments, so a mutual fund for example, and so betty will have a management expense ratio slightly better of two percent and then Charles has a management expense ratio let’s say he has an ETF of just one percent so the difference is doesn’t seem like a lot just one percent between each one of these.

But the difference is for Andrew he’s gonna have seven percent minus three percent fees of four percent. Betty is going to have seven percent return minus two percent fees which is five percent, and Charles is going to have seven percent return minus one percent which gives him a net return of six percent.

So let’s go into our calculator here so you can go into Google and you can just search for “compound interest calculator” and then you can just pull up any of the calculators on Google so I’m going to use the one here on investor.gov which is the U.S. Securities and Commissions calculator, but any calculator will do.

So we’re going to plug in the investment the initial investment of a hundred thousand dollars and let’s say they’re not going to do monthly contributions and for the length of years in time it’s going to be 30 years and then the estimated interest rate so we’re going to do Andrew first so he has a four percent net annual return so we’re gonna put four percent here and then we’re going to set the compound frequency to annually. So once you click calculate you’ll see that Andrew has $324,000 or so the 30 years.

So now let’s go over here and let’s go take a look at Betty here so Betty has a five percent net annual return so we’re going to change this four here to a five and everything else stays the same I’m going to click calculate and you’ll see that betty has in 30 years $430,000 so you can see already that’s going to be huge difference over 30 years that Betty is going to have more than a hundred thousand dollars more than Andrew.

And let’s do Charles as well so Charles is going to have a net annual return of six percent and if we click calculate you’ll see that Charles is going to have $574,000 so over the long run it really makes a big difference the compound interest.

So even if you have just a one percent difference in fees you’ll see that you’re gonna gain over a hundred thousand dollars more over 30 years so obviously Charles has the best amount of money after 30 years because he only had one percent of management expense ratio which gives him an annual return of six percent versus Andrew who has a net annual return of only four percent because his management expense ratio is really high for his fund which is he only has $324,000 so basically the difference is like $250,000 which is like a quarter of a million dollars over 30 years.

So that’s why it’s very important to look at your fees and it makes a huge difference to your investment portfolio over the long run.

So that’s why you have to be very very vigilant about picking a fund that has a low fee this is very very important as you can see with this example here you could have a quarter of million dollars more just by picking a low fee fund.

Hopefully this video was helpful.

CPA Explains The Truth About Being An Accountant (VIDEO VERSION)

I made a YouTube video about a recent post talking about the pros and cons of becoming an accountant. Click below to watch the video.

When I was growing up, I wanted to be a police officer. In my creative writing class in Grade 3, I wrote police detective stories and I thought carrying a gun and catching bad guys was cool. Never did I imagine back then that I would become an accountant.

When I entered university, reality sank in. I needed a practical job that was stable. For me, stability was at the top of the list, and I knew accounting is a very stable profession because no matter how bad the economy is, every company needs an accountant.

The road to becoming an accountant was challenging, but well worth the effort. Completing all the university accounting courses was only the beginning. After graduating from university, there was a 3-year professional education program and 30 months long, grueling months of articling at an accounting firm. I worked 40-60 hour weeks while studying 15 hours part-time. Some days I simply collapsed on my bed too tired to move.

My boss once told me the accounting program is so tough because it prepares us accountants for high pressure in the board room.

Advantages of being an accountant

1. You get to know a business really well. As a public accountant, I got to meet CEOs, CFOs, directors, and I learned a lot about different industries such as high-tech companies, manufacturing companies, professional clients (i.e. doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc.), restaurants, car dealerships, shipping companies, non-profit organizations, and so much more.
2. Flexibility. An accountant can choose to work in an accounting firm (public practice), work as an accountant in a company, government, education, non-profit, start your own business, and so much more.
3. The salary is good. According to Robert Half International, Senior Accountants make between $74k-$123k, Controllers make $106k-$264k, and CFO’s make $122k-500k.

Disadvantages of being an accountant

1. You work a lot. Imagine for a moment what working a lot means to you and we accountants probably work more. Accountants work like crazy during tax season in an accounting firm and year-end in a company. Tax season, also known as hell season, busy season, and other names, usually starts in February and goes until the end of April (sometimes until June). We accountants spend more time at the office than at home and for those 3 months, we treat our home like a hotel because we go home only to sleep. We work 10-16 hour days. Some people sleep at the office.
2. It gets really repetitive. The first year is exciting, then the second year you know exactly what will happen in that year. You meet the bank once a year to negotiate loans. The auditors come at the end of the year. You can plan the entire year on January 1. That’s one reason people leave industry and go back into public practice for the variety.

If I can go back and choose again, would I still choose accounting?

Absolutely! The training I received was the best in the world. After taking those insanely difficult CPA exams, I felt all other exams are easy. I can concentrate for long periods of time and achieve difficult accomplishments.

JOB CRISIS: 37% of Americans Want to QUIT Their Jobs (VIDEO VERSION)

I’ve created a YouTube video based on my recent post. Click below to see the video.

The pandemic has created some weird dynamics in employment. First, companies were laying off workers because company revenues declined when countries were in lock down and people stayed home. Then the government printed billions of dollars of stimulus checks and sent them to people. Now that the economy is recovering, even though millions of people are still unemployed, companies cannot find workers. To make matters worse, more than 1/3, or 37% of Americans are considering quitting their jobs.

Why companies cannot find workers

There are many reasons companies cannot find workers, and some companies are even offering lucrative signing bonuses to attract workers. However, some workers do not want to go back to work because:

1. They fear getting COVID-19
2. Some parents need to care for their kids because schools are closed due to COVID-19
3. Many people receive more money in unemployment benefits than they would earn working a job

Why 37% of workers are considering quitting their jobs

In past generations, our parents and grandparents worked for one company and continued working there until they retired. Back then, the companies took care of their employees by giving them job security and gave them generous defined benefit pension plans when workers retired which guaranteed retirees income during their retirement.

Gone are those days where one can expect to stay with a company for a lifetime. People jump around from job to job because there are better opportunities with higher pay. People want better work-life balance, or maybe they are bored at their current job.

The pandemic has changed the way people work

The pandemic has forced many companies to allow workers to work from home when the government locked down the country. Now that the economy is recovering, many people want to maintain the flexibility to work from home and to save time and stress of rush hour traffic and/or take care of young children or elderly parents.

People who are currently working also see people who are not working and collecting unemployment benefits, or they see people who enjoy working from home, and so they want to quit and find a job that allows working from home.

Pros and cons of allowing employees to work from home

Research has shown that companies allowing employees some flexibility of telecommunicating to have an increase in job satisfaction. People can be more productive when there is less interruptions that frequently occur at the office.

However, it is understandable from the company’s point of view, it is more challenging to manage a remote workforce than to have everyone at the office. Some people may be less motivated and less productive working from home than at the office.

Embracing change and the future ahead

Whether companies accept it or not, the pandemic has changed the way people think about work. For those companies that embrace this change, it can benefit both the company and its employees.

Quit Your 9-5 Job With Passive Income (VIDEO)

I have created a YouTube video based on a recent post for those of you who want to watch a video version. Watch the video here:

In recent years a movement known as FIRE (which stands for “Financial Independence, Retire Early”) has been gaining popularity, particularly with the millennials generation. People pursuing the FIRE movement aim to live frugally and save up enough money to build an investment portfolio that allows them to quit their 9-5 jobs and live on passive income such as dividends and interest.

Quit your 9-5 job before age 65

In past generations, people worked until retirement age (typically 65 years old) and then they can travel the world or pursue other hobbies. FIRE participants want to quit their 9-5 job before age 65 and retire in their 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s. They want to be able to travel and do the things they love while they are still young and energetic.

Types of passive income

There are many types of passive income that can help achieve FIRE, including:

1. Dividends
2. Interest
3. Royalty
4. Rental

Let’s talk about each one of these.

Dividend income

Anybody can open up a brokerage account such as Robinhood, WeBull or TD Ameritrade. An online application typically takes 10-15 minutes, then you can buy and sell stocks, bonds, or other securities. When you buy a stock, you become a shareholder of the company. Some stocks use all or part of their earnings and pay cash dividends to their shareholders usually monthly or quarterly.

Dividend income is passive income because once you buy the stock, you don’t have to do anything else to receive the dividends.

Interest income

When you buy a bond from a company or government (such as a Treasury bill or T-bill), you earn interest income. A bond means you are loaning money to the company or government, and in return you get interest income plus your investment back at the bond’s maturity date.

Interest income is passive income because once you buy the bond, you don’t have to do anything else to receive the interest.

Royalty income

You earn royalty income when you create something of value to other people. For example, in 2015 I self-published more than 10 eBooks on Amazon, and every month I get paid royalty income from Amazon (even to this day) whenever someone downloads my eBook or orders a paper copy of my book. Musicians publish their music and when it gets sold, they receive royalty income.

Rental income

You can buy a house, condo, or apartment and rent it out to collect rental income. You can have long-term tenants or short-term tenants like AirBnB. Another great thing about rental income is while you’re collecting rent to help you pay off your mortgage, usually your property will appreciate in value.

So how much money do you need to quit your 9-5 job?

Many people want to know how much they need to quit their jobs and live comfortably. This depends on the individual’s lifestyle. Start with calculating how much your monthly expenses are. The higher your expenses are, the more passive income you will need.

For example, if you live in the suburbs where the real estate is cheaper, your rent/mortgage will be lower than someone living in downtown New York. If you are willing to ride a bicycle and take public transit, you will need less money than someone who wants to own a fancy car. You will need more money if you want to dine out, travel, and buy Starbucks everyday.

2 examples of how much money you need to quit your job

Example 1

For someone who lives frugally and needs only $2,000 a month to live, multiply $2,000 by 12 months to get annual expenses. This will give you $24,000 per year. Assuming you own stocks and bonds that pay you dividends and interest of 3% per year, dividing $24,000 by 3% gives you $800,000. Another words, you need an investment portfolio of $800,000 at 3% dividend/interest rate to provide you with $2,000 per month to live on.

Example 2

For someone who wants to live in a nicer part of the city and drive a fancy car, they may need $6,000 a month. Multiply $6,000 by 12 months to get $72,000 per year. Assuming your portfolio gives you dividends and interest of 3%, dividing $72,000 by 3% means you need $2,400,000.

Are you currently pursuing the FIRE movement or know someone who is? If you are, I wish you all the best!

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only, and is not personal financial advice. Any securities mentioned are for illustration purposes only, and is not a recommendation to buy or sell. Please consult a professional advisor to help you assess your specific situation. The author takes no responsibility for losses by individuals implementing strategies in this article.

Save Money Fast: 4 Things I STOPPED BUYING

Many people find it hard to save money, but it is actually really simple. Here are some things I stopped buying which allowed me to save a large portion of my hard-earned income.

1. Starbucks

I enjoy going for an occasional cup of coffee at Starbucks with friends, but I don’t need to buy it every day. I see some people at the office buying Starbucks even though there is free coffee at the office.

Buying a $3 cup of coffee a day 5 times a week means $15 a week, $60 a month, and $720 per year. I know people that buy 2 cups of coffee a day, 5 times a week. That is $30 a week, $120 per month, and $1,440 per year! You could buy a nice computer or a used car for that money!

2. Brand name products

Brand name companies like Louis Vuitton and Burberry often have the luxury to charge customers higher prices than other brands. Often, people see these brand name products as a status symbol.

Obviously, if a name brand product is of higher quality and made to last longer, the higher price may be justified. However, buying a brand name product just for the brand name will cost you a lot of unnecessary money every year.

Brand names will always come out with new products every year, and if you just want to chase brand name products, it’s a never ending cycle that burns holes in your wallet.

I know people who bought a brand name car like a BMW or Mercedes Benz only to regret paying the monthly lease for years to come which eats into their monthly budgets.

3. Going to the movies

I used to go a lot more to the movies, but these days I find that it’s a lot cheaper to watch YouTube (which is free!) or Netflix. I still enjoy a movie night once in a while with friends, but cutting back on the movies budget has saved me a lot of money.

Let’s say a movie ticket costs $15. One movie per week will cost you $780 per year! You can simply invite your friends over to your house and watch a movie on your big screen TV. It will probably cost the same as one movie ticket to rent a movie at home, but you can have 10 or more people watch at home for the price of one movie ticket!

4. Sales, coupons and discounts

We all love a good bargain. When we see something go on sale, or we get a 10% off coupon, we are tempted to buy something that we don’t need.

Recently, I received an email from a company I buy from that offered $200 off for a purchase of over $1,000. It immediately made my human nature want to check their website for things that I may “need”, just so I can spend $1,000 in order to save $200.

Then I reminded myself that I will still need to pay $800 out of pocket! It was hard to let the $200-off offer expire, but it was definitely better than buying stuff I don’t need.

Job Crisis: 37% of Americans Want to Quit Their Jobs

The pandemic has created some weird dynamics in employment. First, companies were laying off workers because company revenues declined when countries were in lock down and people stayed home. Then the government printed billions of dollars of stimulus checks and sent them to people. Now that the economy is recovering, even though millions of people are still unemployed, companies cannot find workers. To make matters worse, more than 1/3, or 37% of Americans are considering quitting their jobs.

Why companies cannot find workers

There are many reasons companies cannot find workers, and some companies are even offering lucrative signing bonuses to attract workers. However, some workers do not want to go back to work because:

1. They fear getting COVID-19
2. Some parents need to care for their kids because schools are closed due to COVID-19
3. Many people receive more money in unemployment benefits than they would earn working a job

Watch the YouTube version of this article by clicking “play” above.

Why 37% of workers are considering quitting their jobs

In past generations, our parents and grandparents worked for one company and continued working there until they retired. Back then, the companies took care of their employees by giving them job security and gave them generous defined benefit pension plans when workers retired which guaranteed retirees income during their retirement.

Gone are those days where one can expect to stay with a company for a lifetime. People jump around from job to job because there are better opportunities with higher pay. People want better work-life balance, or maybe they are bored at their current job.

The pandemic has changed the way people work

The pandemic has forced many companies to allow workers to work from home when the government locked down the country. Now that the economy is recovering, many people want to maintain the flexibility to work from home and to save time and stress of rush hour traffic and/or take care of young children or elderly parents.

People who are currently working also see people who are not working and collecting unemployment benefits, or they see people who enjoy working from home, and so they want to quit and find a job that allows working from home.

Pros and cons of allowing employees to work from home

Research has shown that companies allowing employees some flexibility of telecommunicating to have an increase in job satisfaction. People can be more productive when there is less interruptions that frequently occur at the office.

However, it is understandable from the company’s point of view, it is more challenging to manage a remote workforce than to have everyone at the office. Some people may be less motivated and less productive working from home than at the office.

Embracing change and the future ahead

Whether companies accept it or not, the pandemic has changed the way people think about work. For those companies that embrace this change, it can benefit both the company and its employees.

Stock Market Crash Coming? The Fed Issues Inflation Warnings (VIDEO)

This is a video version of a post I wrote recently. Click the video player below to watch the video.

In recent months there has been fears of inflation, and one reason is that during the COVID-19 pandemic the U.S. government printed trillions of dollars to counter the economic impact and print stimulus checks. According to some reports, about 20% of all U.S. dollars were printed during the pandemic in the form of stimulus checks.

What is the Federal Reserve (aka The Fed)?

According to Wikipedia, 3 key objectives of the Federal Reserve are: 1) maximizing employment, 2) stabilizing prices, and 3) moderating long-term interest rates. When inflation is looming, one way to combat inflation is to increase interest rates. However, increasing interest rates usually has a negative impact on the stock market and bond markets. This is because many companies borrow money in order to run their businesses. When the cost of borrowing (i.e. interest rates) increases, this means companies’ earnings will be lower.

The Fed injects $120 billion monthly to bail out the stock market

When the COVID-19 pandemic hit in March 2020, the stock market tanked. In order to save the stock market, the Fed injected $120 billion per month buying bonds and securities. This was funded by printing extra money and therefore causing inflation to increase.

Why does printing extra money cause inflation?

Inflation means it costs more money to purchase goods and services than it did in the past. It means your dollars are losing purchasing power. For example, in 1970 it costs 25 cents to buy a cup of coffee. In 2019 it costs $1.60 for the same cup of coffee. When there is more money in circulation, the cost of goods and services increases.

You may be wondering why this happens. For example, if you had $100 and I had $100, you may be willing to pay $1 for a cup of coffee. But if both you and I had $200 each, because we have more money, we are willing to pay more for the same cup of coffee because we have more money to spend. This is an oversimplification, but it is an illustration of why prices of goods and services increase when there is more money available.

What’s next?

An inflation of 2-3% per year is normal, but sometimes inflation goes out of hand for example in 1974 the inflation rate was 11% during the stock market crash of 1973-1974. When inflation goes out of control, the Fed may choose to increase interest rates which discourages consumer spending. However, increasing interest rates can have a negative impact on the economy and stock market.

Whether the Fed increases interest rates and how often they choose to raise interest rates remains to be seen.

CPA Explains The Truth About Being An Accountant

When I was growing up, I wanted to be a police officer. In my creative writing class in Grade 3, I wrote police detective stories and I thought carrying a gun and catching bad guys was cool. Never did I imagine back then that I would become an accountant.

When I entered university, reality sank in. I needed a practical job that was stable. For me, stability was at the top of the list, and I knew accounting is a very stable profession because no matter how bad the economy is, every company needs an accountant.

The road to becoming an accountant was challenging, but well worth the effort. Completing all the university accounting courses was only the beginning. After graduating from university, there was a 3-year professional education program and 30 months long, grueling months of articling at an accounting firm. I worked 40-60 hour weeks while studying 15 hours part-time. Some days I simply collapsed on my bed too tired to move.

My boss once told me the accounting program is so tough because it prepares us accountants for high pressure in the board room.

Advantages of being an accountant

1. You get to know a business really well. As a public accountant, I got to meet CEOs, CFOs, directors, and I learned a lot about different industries such as high-tech companies, manufacturing companies, professional clients (i.e. doctors, lawyers, engineers, etc.), restaurants, car dealerships, shipping companies, non-profit organizations, and so much more.
2. Flexibility. An accountant can choose to work in an accounting firm (public practice), work as an accountant in a company, government, education, non-profit, start your own business, and so much more.
3. The salary is good. According to Robert Half International, Senior Accountants make between $74k-$123k, Controllers make $106k-$264k, and CFO’s make $122k-500k.

Disadvantages of being an accountant

1. You work a lot. Imagine for a moment what working a lot means to you and we accountants probably work more. Accountants work like crazy during tax season in an accounting firm and year-end in a company. Tax season, also known as hell season, busy season, and other names, usually starts in February and goes until the end of April (sometimes until June). We accountants spend more time at the office than at home and for those 3 months, we treat our home like a hotel because we go home only to sleep. We work 10-16 hour days. Some people sleep at the office.
2. It gets really repetitive. The first year is exciting, then the second year you know exactly what will happen in that year. You meet the bank once a year to negotiate loans. The auditors come at the end of the year. You can plan the entire year on January 1. That’s one reason people leave industry and go back into public practice for the variety.

If I can go back and choose again, would I still choose accounting?

Absolutely! The training I received was the best in the world. After taking those insanely difficult CPA exams, I felt all other exams are easy. I can concentrate for long periods of time and achieve difficult accomplishments.

5 Side Hustles to Earn Money (Video)

I created a video version of my post from a few days ago. Watch the video here or on YouTube:

More and more people are starting side hustles to earn income in addition to their 9-5 jobs. According to a Forbes article from 2020, 57 million Americans freelanced part-time or full-time, which is 35% of the total workforce (see Forbes article here: shorturl.at/optPU).

1) Freelancing for extra income

Thanks to the Internet, it’s easier to freelance than ever before. If you have skills such as online marketing, graphics design, programming, bookkeeping services, video editing, playing an instrument, etc. your skills are in demand. With websites such as Fiverr and Upwork, anyone can offer their skills and get paid to work on projects they choose on their free time. The pandemic has caused more people to look to the Internet for services, so it’s easier than ever for freelancers to find work.

2) Start a blog

Starting a blog is often free or has minimal costs (i.e. WordPress). You can blog about whatever you are passionate about, such as food, travel, tech, lifestyle, etc. Once you attract an audience to your blog, you can earn money through affiliate marketing or selling other services, products, or online courses.

3) Rent out your spare room on AirBnB

This is another popular side hustle to earn extra income if you have an extra room in your house or apartment. Now that pandemic restrictions are starting to relax, people want to travel again and AirBnB will be in demand. When I went to France a few years ago, I stayed at several AirBnBs and it was an awesome experience.

4) Create an online course

Since I really enjoy teaching this has been a dream come true. I’ve created 8 online courses so far on topics such as accounting, bookkeeping, investing, and time management. This has provided a nice source of passive income for me.

5) Start a YouTube channel

Starting a YouTube channel is free and once you have an audience you can collect YouTube ad revenue. You can also branch out into many other income streams using your YouTube channel such as sponsorships, affiliate marketing, selling products (i.e. your branded T-shirts), etc.

Are you currently doing a side hustle to earn extra money? Are you considering starting a side hustle? Let me know by leaving a comment below!

Quit Your 9-5 Job With Passive Income

In recent years a movement known as FIRE (which stands for “Financial Independence, Retire Early”) has been gaining popularity, particularly with the millennials generation. People pursuing the FIRE movement aim to live frugally and save up enough money to build an investment portfolio that allows them to quit their 9-5 jobs and live on passive income such as dividends and interest.

Quit your 9-5 job before age 65

In past generations, people worked until retirement age (typically 65 years old) and then they can travel the world or pursue other hobbies. FIRE participants want to quit their 9-5 job before age 65 and retire in their 30’s, 40’s, or 50’s. They want to be able to travel and do the things they love while they are still young and energetic.

Types of passive income

There are many types of passive income that can help achieve FIRE, including:

1. Dividends
2. Interest
3. Royalty
4. Rental

Let’s talk about each one of these.

Dividend income

Anybody can open up a brokerage account such as Robinhood, WeBull or TD Ameritrade. An online application typically takes 10-15 minutes, then you can buy and sell stocks, bonds, or other securities. When you buy a stock, you become a shareholder of the company. Some stocks use all or part of their earnings and pay cash dividends to their shareholders usually monthly or quarterly.

Dividend income is passive income because once you buy the stock, you don’t have to do anything else to receive the dividends.

Interest income

When you buy a bond from a company or government (such as a Treasury bill or T-bill), you earn interest income. A bond means you are loaning money to the company or government, and in return you get interest income plus your investment back at the bond’s maturity date.

Interest income is passive income because once you buy the bond, you don’t have to do anything else to receive the interest.

Royalty income

You earn royalty income when you create something of value to other people. For example, in 2015 I self-published more than 10 eBooks on Amazon, and every month I get paid royalty income from Amazon (even to this day) whenever someone downloads my eBook or orders a paper copy of my book. Musicians publish their music and when it gets sold, they receive royalty income.

Rental income

You can buy a house, condo, or apartment and rent it out to collect rental income. You can have long-term tenants or short-term tenants like AirBnB. Another great thing about rental income is while you’re collecting rent to help you pay off your mortgage, usually your property will appreciate in value.

So how much money do you need to quit your 9-5 job?

Many people want to know how much they need to quit their jobs and live comfortably. This depends on the individual’s lifestyle. Start with calculating how much your monthly expenses are. The higher your expenses are, the more passive income you will need.

For example, if you live in the suburbs where the real estate is cheaper, your rent/mortgage will be lower than someone living in downtown New York. If you are willing to ride a bicycle and take public transit, you will need less money than someone who wants to own a fancy car. You will need more money if you want to dine out, travel, and buy Starbucks everyday.

2 examples of how much money you need to quit your job

Example 1

For someone who lives frugally and needs only $2,000 a month to live, multiply $2,000 by 12 months to get annual expenses. This will give you $24,000 per year. Assuming you own stocks and bonds that pay you dividends and interest of 3% per year, dividing $24,000 by 3% gives you $800,000. Another words, you need an investment portfolio of $800,000 at 3% dividend/interest rate to provide you with $2,000 per month to live on.

Example 2

For someone who wants to live in a nicer part of the city and drive a fancy car, they may need $6,000 a month. Multiply $6,000 by 12 months to get $72,000 per year. Assuming your portfolio gives you dividends and interest of 3%, dividing $72,000 by 3% means you need $2,400,000.

Are you currently pursuing the FIRE movement or know someone who is? If you are, I wish you all the best!

Disclaimer: This article is for educational purposes only, and is not personal financial advice. Any securities mentioned are for illustration purposes only, and is not a recommendation to buy or sell. Please consult a professional advisor to help you assess your specific situation. The author takes no responsibility for losses by individuals implementing strategies in this article.